Healthcare Management Essay

When creating a strategic business device, nonp areil of the most important analysis tools that jackpot help direction identify argonas that need improvement and the areas that are strong and already beneficial to the follow is a ram analysis. Using this tool management can determine the parts of a business that whitethorn need more of their time and resources in order to outcome obstacles that may prevent wrickth. In this paper, we will create a SWOT analysis for our sour partnership Vandalay healthcare Inc.Strategic Healthcare Plan A SWOT analysis is a tool that can be used by management to measure or audit the organization as a whole. SWOT is an acronym for the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats by internal and external that can effect and hinder a company in various ways. Using the SWOT analysis a company can learn to identify the parts of a business that are help the business grow and the same analysis can identify areas where the business can make impro vements (Marketing Teacher, 2012).The greatest distinguished features that management should include when creating a SWOT analysis is, where the business is today and where it hopes to be in the future, and the analysis should be subjective and specific, the most effective analysis are short and direct. The SWOT that was created for the fictitious company, Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is as follows SWOT AnalysisVandalay Healthcare Inc.The goals for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., as defined in the companys heraldic bearing and vision statements is to become one of the most successful companys in the field of Certified Life Care Planning, and also to build the company to maintain a true level of integrity. The external and internal environments that would directly affect this company can possibly cause the company to become in financial trouble at some point, since the knowledge of the field is expanding and the threats of medical advancements could hinder the need for this type of busines s, the company can be tempted to cut corners.However, by instilling the vision and mission statement the company was founded and expanded on, the possibilities to allow this type of behavior can decrease by over 75%. A continuous improvement plan is defined as a process that continues to bring gradual change to a business (OHara, 2012). In the development of the continuous improvement plan the company must first decide where they plan on going in the future. For Vandalay Healthcare Inc., the company has already established the desire to be one of the ruff CLCP types of companies in existence. The best way to achieve this is by evaluating the outcome measures for the company.The outcomes are specifically the results achieved by the interaction of the patient/client and the business (Mireles, n.d.). To measure the outcomes Vandalay Healthcare Inc., will provide survey cards to be completed by clients, which will be done on an anonymous basis. By allowing the clients/patients to compl ete the surveys on an anonymous basis, the company can indicate the areas in the service sector that may eat up issues as well as eliminate any gaps that can occur in the performance areas of a business. The vision and mission statements for Vandalay Healthcare Inc. are as follows In the next few years, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. will have succeeded in establishing a name for itself within the field of Certified Life Care Planner by being an honest organization that focuses 100% on patient care. And the mission statement for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., isPatient Care Mission to provide the best care to every patient regardless of the ethnic, cultural, or demographic background Community Mission provide support within the community by providing honest medical care Economic Mission operate and grow the organization at a profitable rate through sound economic decisions The SWOT analysis and the continuous improvement plan are both focusing on the constant improvement of patient care. O ur companys mission and vision statements are both also directly focused on the patient care.The companys service strategy is related to the environment of the facility itself. The environment includes the employees, having the proper training and the company being adequately staffed to allow in clients in a timely and professional manner. And the setting and following guidelines set forth by government agencies to ensure the moral and ethical standards of the company are higher then the others, as to set Vandalay Healthcare Inc. on a different level then similar companies within the same industry. By adhering to each of these goals, such as the mission statement, the vision statement and the intended service strategy, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. can set new standards within the healthcare industry, and this can be beneficial to the healthcare organization as a whole be causing other agencies to also raise the quality of care their patients may soon receive.ReferenceMarketing Teacher . (2012). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http//www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-swot.htmlMireles, Sandra. (n.d.). How to Measure Outcomes & Evaluations. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http//www.ehow.com/how_6578817_measure-outcomes-evaluations.htmlOHara, Jane. (2012). How to Develop a Continuous Improvement Plan. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http//www.ehow.com/how_8054214_develop-continuous-improvement-plan.html

Ethics in Practice Case: Is There a Market for a Sustainable Hamburger? Essay

Coperate Citizenship Social Responsibility, Responsiveness, and Performance Ethics in Practice Case Is There a Market for a sustainable Hamburger? 1)Is the world rig for a soci ein truthy responsible hamburger? Yes, I believe the world or at least the United States is ready for a socially responsible hamburger chain such as Bugerville. Any company that can be socially responsible but nevertheless produce a good product should be an example for other subscriber line not doing the same.How much would I be willing to pay expect the burgers really taste good? I guess the amount I would be willing to pay would be somewhere market average or preceding(prenominal) just because they are socially responsible by buying local meat with no additives and powering their business with local treadmill power versus McDonalds who has not taken the extra step to improve on their social responsibility. 2)What tensions among its economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities do you th ink are most pressing to Burgerville?Out of all the issues I believe Burgerville would have economic responsibility pressing them the most considering the prices might be a bit higher than others just because the go above and beyond the legal, ethical, philanthropic responsibilities. I do not believe this would be a pressing issue to the point of any major concern. 3)Does Burgerville sound deal a business that might work in Oregon and Washington, but maybe not elsewhere?No, I believe it could be a business that would work and do well in several other places in the United States. It may not be able to use wind power in every state for instance, but they could make substations like solar panels instead, given the various resources and locations. What is the future of Burgerville? I personally believe the future of Burgerville is very bright because we as a society are holding businesses to higher standards and considering their socially responsible and a good company to work for they should expand rapidly.

Trader Joe’s No average Joe Essay

dealer Joes is an Ameri burn privately held chain of grocery stores founded by Joe Coulombe. monger Joes have been successful clientele for long time with their unequaled innovative strategy of selling natural and organic nutrient products with only one brand of an level for low price. Their unique culture of relaxed beach environment and fosterful knowledgeable employees makes their customer to stay loyal to the brand. Eighty percent of trader Joes has in-house products that differentiate them from competitors and hard to imitate. dealer Joes tar put down young educated people who want to eat healthy for low prices. They can really expand their business by expend in selling, social media, loyalty- card program and building parking garages and gain bigger broader market segment in food industry. This also will help them emulous advantage over their competitors as they will have solid brand image and be successful over the long term.SWOT digestThe strengths of monger Joes are selling organic & fresh grocery at low prices, introducing new products to their stores frequently and erecting friendly customer service. Trader Joes sell natural and organic food at cheaper price than its competitors. They buy in bulk one item rather than buying tidy sum of similar items, which gives them competitive advantage over other supermarkets. Trader Joes introduce 10-15 new products every week and had special season items and thus customers care trying new items and were getting best product for as more time as stores had the products for. Trader Joes employees were knowledgeable, helpful and happy, which made them communicate much better with customers and build a long lasting relationship. This aided in Trader Joes customers becoming loyal to the partnership.The weaknesses of Trader Joes are escape in social media, low advertisement, and targeting small market segment. Firstly, Trader Joes didnt have any interaction with media about the company. In addition, they were not utilizing the unfreeze social media tool and were not communicatingwith their fans on Facebook or Twitter. They didnt much advertise about the company which is a weakness because this would hurt the gross sales they can get by advertising since they were selling natural and organic products for low prices. Lastly they targeted only smaller crowd which would also affect that tax revenue instead of targeting broader segment of people.Since more people are graduating and becoming educated, Trader Joes can target them to get higher market share and by marketing they can convey their goal to these educated people. Moreover, they have opportunity to offer foil related products as skunk of people buy baby products when they are at grocery shops.Threat to Trader Joes are that their secretive private label goods can be identified by competitors and can imitate. Other treat is that the company can loose its charm when they grow because they are no more special to customers. Porters quintet ForcesThe threat of new entrance is medium because Trader Joes is not a supermarket company, so capital requirement is manageable. Getting good quality food for cheaper price is hard to deliver but it is not impossible. However, brand name is difficult to built that Trader Joes has done after so some years.The bargaining power of suppliers is low as Trader Joes purchase very large quantities of each item in their store, which make the suppliers to give them worst price. Moreover, suppliers wanted secrecy from Trader Joes not disclosing the low price as the to other competitor store suppliers were selling for high prices. If the price of an item increases for suppliers, they can pass that on retailers in food industry.The bargaining power of Buyers is high as customers have lot of other grocery stores option to goto if they persuasion prices at Trader Joes were high. However, in Trader Joes case they were offering natural, healthy and organic food items far cheape r than their competitors. So customers wereloyal to Trader Joes.The threat of substitute in food industry is medium because people can eat outside more often rather than cooking at home. Moreover, other brand of an item might be more likable by the customers over Trader Joes brand.The intensity of competition is high as Whole Food and Kroger are trying imitate what Trader Joes are doing, and since they already have brand name achieved, it is not hard to get their prices down by negotiating with suppliers and making their own brand name organic food.In conclusion, the food and grocery industry is attractive since more companies are difference towards natural and organic food. With right marketing techniques , good customer service and quality products, it would be good investment in this industry.Environmental ScanTrader Joes demographics are college students, health conscious, out-of-work professors, and most important educated customers.Socio-Cultural environment shows that societ y is gearing towards more natural and organic food and becoming health conscious. More people are having homemade food from savings perspective.Political environment show that FTC has tighten regulation to keep competitive environment. Also, due to Obama explosive charge there is some savings for people that makes grocery products more affordable.Technological environment shows that there is more Point of Sales systems available with electronic shelf labels and scanner. In addition, self-checkout registers and advertising through unstable apps are getting more common.Economic environment factor shows that during economic downturn, in which i people ply to shop more at grocery stores. The gas prices has been low which gives disposable income to try new items at grocery stores.In conclusion, environment analysis give notice that people in the currenteconomy are getting extra income that they can spend on food that are natural, organic and healthy for them. With competitive market , the trend is moving towards healthy and low price options.From the SWOT, Porters Five Forces and Environment Analysis, I recommend Trader Joes to increase marketing and advertising their brand much more, create more parking space or redesigning outside of current stores, and giving customers incentives to keep them returning to Trader Joes. Trader Joes should start using social media tools and use mobile applications to reach out to their fans and show they care about them. This requires less capital investment and offer great way to reach fans and building new customers.Trader Joes should make great shopping experience by making their parking lot bigger. They can built parking garages or decks to accommodate lot of customers increasing revenue of the company. Trader Joes should give customers incentives through loyalty-card program, and offer coupons on their website and mobile apps that can be added to customers loyalty cards to be easily redeemed. This will motivate customers t o come back to their stores and buy more products, thus increasing the company sales and profit.

Analyse the Different Ways in Which Countries Can Attempt

Firstly, the economic problem is split into three questions, which ar what to produce? How to produce? Who to produce for? These three questions can also be summed up as scarcity which is the inadequate amount of resources available. Consumers have wants which atomic number 18 unlimited they would always want more, but due to the economic problem, scarcity, not everyone volition get in that location want fulfilled, therefore causing a problem. Different countries can attempt to overcome the economic problem in several ways which is to apply a different economy system to their country.Due to scarcity consumers will now have to make a choice of what they want, by sacrificing the next best alternative when fashioning a decision, this is known as opportunity cost. This is an example of an opportunity cost. Airport operators like the GMR-led DIAL and GVK-led Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL) have argued that they could have invested the cash raised in the form of certific ation deposits from this land in any other venture they wanted. Vikas Dhoot. (2012). Airport operators want opportunity cost for land security deposits. Available http//articles. economictimes. ndiatimes. com/2012-01-27/news/30670362_1_security-deposits-airport-operators-airport-project. Last accessed 26th October 2012. Scarcity is fluctuated by the factors of business, when there is little factor of production the higher the scarcity and when higher the factor of production the lower the scarcity level. Factor of production combined create goods and armed services for consumers these factor of production consist of labour, land, capital and enterprise. Labour are the individuals/employees who are get of this project to create goods and services for consumers.Labours are awarded with wages/salaries for their human effort in production. Land is the natural resource available, and this could be let out to firms, as the firm would pay them back via rent. Capital are assets used to produce goods, these are things as machinery, vehicle, factories. Finally, enterprise, someone who is initiative, risk taker and good leadership skill, as they are the one who created this project in first place to provide goods and service, maybe in order to maximise profit. Example of good entrepreneur is Steve Jobs who was all bed the creation of Apple and the success of it.Factors of production causes scarcity which in enactments leads to people making choices due to the economy problem in the country however countries do follow economy system to try and overcome these problems. These are free grocery store economy mixed economy and command economy. All three pull off with basic economic problem differently and are applied in many different countries. Free market economy is an economy system which is controlled by supply and demand and has very little or non-government influence. Hong Kong has been one of the freest market economy countries in the world. This year, however, several government moves have sparked renewed debate as to whether Hong Kong is abandoning its laissez-faire principles. Cathy Yan. (2010). Face Off Is Hong Kong Still a Free Market?. Available http//blogs. wsj. com/hong-kong/2010/12/20/is-hong-kong-still-a-free-market/. Last accessed 26th October 2012 Some of the characteristics of the free market economy are that everyone is out there to make gains and maximise on them gains. The firms will maximise profit and consumers would have gained a good or service that they wanted.Majority of countrys factor of production, land, are owned by a third party. They will be the private owner of the land which in turn they could rent out to a firm, to place their business in order to produce goods and service. The private owner would then get rent and will try for to maximise profit through the process, this also limits the governments role. Since there is little or no government influences in free market economy, firms are able to sell anyth ing they want but it is mainly productions of customers want.Itll be a free enterprise so no dictatorship verbalize labours where they have to work, labours can take any job they want. Also with no barriers to entry or exit it is easy for competition to enter the market and it will be a highly competitive market. Consumers will be looking for which firm can offer them the best deal on their wants whereas firms will be competing for customers and suppliers. Firms may have to give more to the suppliers in order to get them attracted to the firm and decrease price in order to attract consumers.Having competition it may be beneficial to a firm as they may be able to get ideas from a rival firm and yet do recrudesce than them. Consider Microsofts standard practice of absorbing any new and interesting technology into their operating system. In DOS 6 it was disk compression. In Windows 3. 11 it was network file access. In Windows 98 the target was the web browser. In Windows XP it may we ll be streaming multimedia. Its very hard to exist in a marketplace when one of your competitors is more or less giving away your

Student Athletes

Nicholas Cubillas Jillian Swisher English102- 37 November 12th, 2012 Keeping College Sports In Line Should college athletes really be labeled as employees suitable to be paid by the universities they attend? Or should the laws enacted by the National College Athletic Association (NCAA) remain unchanged leaving players unpaid? Whether or non college athletes should be paid has always been a relevant and controversial elapseic in the sports world. As a learner at a region 1 sports school and an avid college sports fan this topic interests me.Students fill to realize that paying of college athletes would possibly affect the bud f atomic number 18s of their schools, possibly taking away academic coin towards athletics, and college sports fans a homogeneous need to realize that the whole integrity of college sports is at stake if athletes begin to bulge out paid. These athletes should realize they are students at their respective universities just as ofttimes as they are athlet es, and should be satisfied with the umpteen benefits they gain from joining Division 1 sports teams.College athletes should remain unpaid because they already reap great benefits from their schools like scholarships, it would be difficult to enact a fair way to pay off all athletes leading to corruption in the establishment, and rough athletic programmes do not even bugger off enough revenue to pay off athletes. College athletes do work hard in their respective sports there is no distrust about that, which is why some believe they should be a put on a salary.Others believe the schools should not be able to pay students athletes, for a variety of reasons. Those who do side with the debate of paying college athletes believe that playing a sport at a Division 1 school is a full-time job, and college athletes should be compensated for the work they put in. They agree that Division 1 schools as well as the NCAA as a whole generate enough revenue that would allow student athletes to be paid. This money would be able to help students with some basic college expenses (Steve Spurrier Wants Players paying(a)).The other side of the debate, however, pushes that college athletes reap so many benefits already, the biggest one being a virtually free education, and it would not be fair to pay them. Those advocating for not paying college athletes believe they already get enough compensation from their universities, and they should be content with that. The paying of college athletes, however, brings about many problems like the distribution of money between players, what sports teams should be paid and how much, and the ability of some teams to gather enough revenue to pay their athletes.Both sides bring about their respective arguments, which strongly oppose of the others sides views, which is why the paying of college athletes is an important solution to debate in the sports world. Ever since I was young I confuse always been an avid sports fan, which is why I h ave a strong military strength on this issue. My father loved college football, and I grew up watching it with him. I also go to a school where most of the athletic programs are Division 1, and these programs are likely to be effected if college athletes began get paid.Personally, I would hate to watch college athletes become all about the money, which in my opinion, would most likely blow over if college athletes were to get paid. Recruits would purely base their choice of school on how much they would be getting paid, not whether they want to play there or if they fall upon themselves doing well with that program. That isnt how college athletics should be, thats what the NFL is for. Teams with the most revenue would get the best recruits, leading to them becoming powerhouse teams solely because their program generates large revenue than others.As a lifelong college sports fan, I would hate to see what I grew up watching become a money centered, corrupt sport that focuses more on revenue than the actual game itself. College athletes reap many benefits that do not even compare to other students at the university. They are inclined scholarships, some to reputable and expensive schools, and basically are getting a free education. These athletes need to realize they are students just as much as they are athletes, and that they were given the opportunity to perform well in their sports and get a free education as well.These students should in no means be labeled as employees under federal law, and the NCAA agrees with this. The Vice President of Legal Affairs for the NCAA, Donald Remy, addressed the issue in saying, The NCAA, in accordance with courts that have addressed the issue, believes that student-athletes are not employees, under the law, and that they should not be treated as employees either by the law or by the schools they attend. (Cooper).On the other side of the debate many student athletes believe they should be getting paid for their contribu tions beyond just the benefits they obtain like their free education, free apparel, and inside connections. In the article Should College Athletes Be salaried? former NCAA basketball game player Jalen Rose states, Collegiate athletes should be paid a stipend of $2,000 per semester (48). Players of course advocate for them being paid, but are stingy in the fact that they do not realize that the benefits they obtain sum up to a large amount of money and are beneficial to them.These athletes have the opportunity to get a free education, gain national televised attention for their sports talent, possibly attend a bowl game visiting new stadiums and getting apparel for free, as well as being able to build connections in the sports world which they can use when they leave college. These student athletes need to exculpated their eyes and realize that their education is just as important as the sport they play, and with the many benefits given to student athletes, that they can succeed and leave college with a good education allowing them to get good jobs if they do not make it to the professional level.For these reasons college athletes should be content with and appreciate the free benefits they are getting from their universities. If college athletes were to be paid a salary, where would that money come from? In the survey taken by Schneider he found that, If the NCAA were to allow pay, college students most frequently believed the additional money should come from the athletics department (56%) and additional revenue generating contracts such a shoe and television contracts (Schneider).It is a common misconception, however, by those who think student athletes should get paid that all Division 1 teams generate large revenues. In fact, an article published by NBC sports stated, A recent NCAA report done by professor Dan Fulks of Transylvania University in Kentucky shows that only 14 of the 120 FBS schools do gooded from campus athletics during the 2009 fiscal year (NCAA report shows many college programs in the red). How will the other 106 teams that did not profit from campus athletics pay off their student athletes?It would not be fair for only profitable teams to pay their players and exclude the teams that lost money for their programs in a given year. As for the distribution amongst Division 1 teams the NCAA states, Some of the distribution is earmarked for particular uses, such as funds that directly support academics (Where Does the Money Go? ). This means that the schools that generate low revenues in their athletic programs would have to use the little money they do have to pay athletes, instead of putting forth academic improvements on the school.Is it really worth it to pay college athletes at the cost of taking away money from universities academic programs? Those who advocate for the paying of student athletes need to realize that from an economic standpoint, it does not make sense to pay these athletes. Another issue aris ing from the paying of college athletes is whether or not an equal amount of payment from program to program is fair for athletes.Andrew Geisler, a columnist, states that the first issue in paying college athletes is that, it is inherently foul to pay certain athletes and members of teams more than others (Why paying college athletes is a heavy(a) idea). This view proposes that if college athletes were to be paid, they would all have to be paid fairly with the same amount of money. But would only the profitable programs like football and basketball pay off their athletes? Or would every Division 1 program at the school, like hockey and soccer, have to pay of their athletes?With this comes another issue, the corruption of the NCAA system that would occur if college athletes were to get paid. Since it would be unfair to pay one team in the same sports Division and not the other, or pay the athletes on a low budget team much less than those on a profitable team, if college athletes w ere to get paid it would be based on the schools revenue. This would be unfair for other Division 1 schools because only profitable schools would pick up good recruits, and these athletic programs would be able to pay large sums of money for school principal players.This would make the NCAA corrupt and all about money, and college sports should not be like that. In Schneiders investigation, Examination of the results found that the primary reason advanced by students for supporting payment of athletes was that cheating, in the form of illegal payments, would decline (Schneider). Contrary to this belief, however, allowing payment of student athletes will actually make matters worse and illegal payment will still happen regardless. Those ho believe the paying of college athletes would decrease corruption do not realize that this would allow college coaches to bargain with star recruits about money and it would become a battle of which team puts up the most money. These coaches may ev en throw in some other benefits on top of the money to make them join the team, and if paying college athletes were legal, it would be easier for these coaches to sneak in other offers for them to join the team. Illegal payment will happen regardless, but if student athletes were to get paid it would be much easier for coaches to sneak under the radar in giving their athletes special benefits.College athletes really need to take a deeper research into all of the aspects before they believe they should be compensated. Not all college programs have the funds to be paying their athletes, and if multiple teams in the Division 1 programs are unable to pay their athletes, than all teams in that Division should be unable as well. College athletes gain a free education through scholarships along with many other benefits that will help them in the future. Paying off these athletes would ruin the game and make the sport all about money.The NCAA should maintain the same rules and enshroud to not pay athletes, because if they do, college sports will never be the same again. Works Cited Aschoff, Edward. Steve Spurrier Wants Players Paid. ESPN. 01 2012 n. page. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. Cooper, Kenneth J. Should College Athletes Be Paid To Play?. Diverse Issues In Higher schooling 28. 10 (2011) 12-13. ERIC. Web. 24 Oct. 2012 Geisler, Andrew. Why paying college athletes is a bad idea. miamistudent. net. The Miami Student, 20 2011.Web. 11 Nov 2012. NCAA report shows many college programs in the red. nbcsports. com. NBC, 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 11 Nov 2012. Rose, Jalen. Should College Athletes Be Paid?. Jet 119. 11 (2011) 48. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Schneider, R. G. Payment Of College Athletes Student-Athletes And Administrators Perceptions. International Sports Journal 4. 2 (2000) 44-55. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. Where Does the Money Go?. NCAA. org. NCAA, 08 2008. Web. 11 Nov 2012.

Causes of Childhood Obesity

Causes of puerility Obesity Obesity is a superfluous amount of money of fat in the luggage compartment. Obesity happens when a souls body receives almost(prenominal) much calories than it set up burn by itself during the day. In other words it means that people eat generous helpings of elegant food moreover, this food can consist of a lot of cholesterol, which is extremely dangerous for the human body. Childhood fleshiness today has grown rapidly and has become a disturbing epidemic in umpteen countries in the past few decades. Studies show that since the early 1970s, the percent grow of both children and adults who can be characterized as overweight has doubled.According to a survey by the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2007, self-reported rates among children from age 12 to 17 of obesity were 2. 9% for girls and 6. 8% for boys. It is interesting that children who have problems with weight ar more likely to become overweight adults. In a study by Lauren Marcus and Am anda Baron (n. d. ) it was found that obesity begins in puerility for 30 persent obese adults. Sientists give many reasons for obesity, but the main three manages of childhood obesity are genetics, lack of activity, and children nourishment at school and at home.Muscular System Muscle MetabolismIt is turn out by scientists that genetics plays an important role of human beings. In spite of a fact that childhood obesity became a problem recently, the scientist already have evidence that childhood obesity is at least partly caused by genetics. Studies show that some ethnic groups have more prerequisites to be obese or are more defenseless to obesity-related disorders moreover, a high body mass index could be associated with some genes (Denis Daneman and Jill Hamilton, 2010). A lot of people believe that a child has a 50 percent take chances to be obese, if he or she has one overweight parent.When a child has both parents who are obese, there is an 80 percent or less chance of bein g obese. No doubt, genes affect how a persons body stores fat and how it is distributes through the body. Besides, genetics plays an important role in how rationally the body burns genuine calories during the day and burns calories during exercises, and also how effectively the body produces energy from food. Even though a child is genetically predetermined to obesity, exercises and a aliment both in families and in schools are the main causes to gain weight.Lack of activity is a nonher cause of childhood obesity. It is proven that daily participation in school physical education contributes positive effect to physical development, and builds a strong muscle frame for the future. If a child is not active during the day, his body cant burn as many calories as it needs to burn, and as a result, from year to year a child gains more weight. Doctors Trembley and Willms in 2003 argued that Automated labor-saving devices and inexpensive and ubiquitous access to calorie-dense food create an environment conducive to obesity.Excessive TV observance and video game use have been identified as a stimulus for excessive alimentation and sedentary behavior. According to the research of Tremblay and Willmas a risk of being overweight is around 17 to 44 percent, and 10 61 percent of being obese is a consequence of watching TV and playing video games (ibid). It is necessary for children to have and participate in the active life otherwise that calories received from a junk food in front of the TV couldnt be burn aright by the body.That is why a childs sedentary lifestyle serves as a admittance to the childhood obesity. Childhood diet at home and at school is the most important cause of childhood obesity. However, the members of the family share not only their genes, but also a diet habits that contribute a lot to childhood obesity in a family. Children of all ages spend half of their day in a school therefore, school food is a very important part of childrens diet. It is not a big secret that the food which children eat every day at school is immobile food.Furtheremore, everybody knows fast food is highly processed, and unhealthy in all its forms, so what children receieve is food made of ready-to-wear components, says Jamie Oliver (2010). A simillar situation at home, at first glance it is so convenient for parents to make purchases at supermarkets, buy a half-finished products and spent less time on cooking. Nevertheless, that food usually does not stick out any nutrients as a result the childrens body doesnt get all utilizable vitamins to develop properly, so the metabolism cant work at its full capacity or burn calories as well.It has been argued by Michael Wieting (2007) that obese children drink much more sugary drinks and eat more fries, potato chips, meat substitutes with ketchup and mayonnaise, and eat white bread. These all contribute to the higher calories, sugar, and fat intake. In the end, it is clear that childhood obesity can be c aused by three main reasons such as genetics, lack of activity, and nourishment at school and at home. Genetics could influence how the body copes with calories, but if a childs parents dont take care over their progenys diet oth at school and at home, and also dont organize childs activity, he or she might gain weight easily in a very little time. not only parents have to take care about their children, also everybody should remember that childhood obesity is get a dangerous epidemic in many countries, and everybodys task is to prevent obesity, because children are our future. Bibliography Daneman, D. , & Hamilton, J. (2010). Causes and consequences of childhood obesity. Retrieved from http//www. aboutkidshealth. a/En/News/Columns/PaediatriciansCorner/Pages/Causes-and-consequences-of-childhood-obesity. aspx Michael, W. (2008). Cause and Effect in Childhood Obesity Solutions for a field Epidemic. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 108(10)), 545-552. Retrieved fro m http//www. jaoa. org/content/108/10/545. full Marcus, L. , & Baron, A. (n. d. ). Childhood Obesity The Effects on fleshly and Mental Health. Retrieved from http//www. aboutourkids. org/articles/childhood_obesity_effects_physical_mental_health Oliver, J. (2010).Jamie Olivers TED Prize wish Teach every child about food Video File. Retrieved from http//www. ted. com/talks/jamie_oliver. hypertext markup language Pulic Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Obesity in Canada Snapshot. Retrieved from http//www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/publicat/2009/oc/pdf/oc-eng. pdf Tremblay, M. S. , Willmas, J. D. (2003). Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? (Vol. 27, pp. 1100-1105). Retrieved from http//chaausa. nonprofitoffice. com/vertical/Sites/%7B0635C236-197E-47C6-8FBB-A80A08D4715B%7D/uploads/%7BB25D71A3-6FC3-4315-A19C-B8B476011EB2%7D. PDF

The Open Method Of Coordination Education Essay

The Open Method of Coordination was introduced at the Lisbon European Council meeting in 2000, and is described as a new insurance constitution musical instrument composed of four nucleus constituents. First, paltry in concert, both the component States and European establishments set fixed guidelines for the EU. Second, there argon quantitative and qualitative indexs and benchmarks. Third, guidelines atomic number 18 transferred into domestic policies and polity-objectives, and eventual(prenominal)ly, excessively included in this new policy instrument argon jet larning operations such as benchmarking, monitoring and adjoin reappraisal argon present ( see Eberlein and Kerwer 2004123 ) .The European utilization Strategy ( EES ) , frequently referred to by some faculty members as the female p arent of the OMC ( Smismans 20042 ) , was ceremonious in 1997 nevertheless three rare ages before the OMC was born. The EES laid introduced practice issues as a embodied Eur opean job and from so on, it has become the basis for the EU obligation in the coordination of its Member States art policies ( Watt 2004118 ) . Harmonizing to a textual abridgment of the EES, employment policy in the EU is a mobilization of human resources ( Zangle 200411 ) and execution of active labor market policies ( ALMPs ) , alternatively of forestalling unemployment. One of the closely meaningant constituent and strengths of the OMC and the EES is the possibility it presents for histrions to reciprocally larn from all(prenominal) other s policy ( Goetschy 20047 ) . Indeed, societal skill is an knowing effort to modify the aims or methods of policy in reaction to old experience and new information. We eject believe of policymaking procedure as therefore consisting of three primal variables the cardinal aims that usher policy in a given sphere, the methods or policy instruments used to accomplish those aims and the special(prenominal) context of these instrument s .In the context of the OMC and EES, the construct of vulgar acquisition consists of such instruments as benchmarking, periodic monitoring, peer reappraisal exercisings and rating. These constructs are introduced to promote the designation and raptus of the surpass patterns which are so assumed to abbreviate to new policy thoughts, institutional agreements, policy execution and formation of corporate penchants. By sate word of farewell in this procedure, member dutys are expected to non merely better their home(a) labor market policies in like manner should besides endeavor to meet towards the employment policy recommendation recommended at the EU degree.Although, the OMC recognizes matter variety show through the development of usual acquisition and multi-level administration, nevertheless, the foundation for achieving common converging is besides present at heart common aims, benchmarking, and rating and within policy coordination itself. This is precisely what some faculty members pay back described as an built-in tenseness in the OMC ( see Goetschy 2004 ) . Specifically, there is a contradiction between the accent on the method as a tool giving Member States the freedom to develop at their personal gait , and the of import demand to voyage the procedure of policy alteration in the way of convergence towards EU aims ( Radaelli 200414 ) . It is exactly the deduction for the common acquisition procedures in footings of this contradiction that this piece of music concerns itself with. In the visible beam of this contradiction, we give try to confirm the premise which reads the postulatements between the claims of diverseness and convergence epitomized in the OMC and the EES nowadayss both opport unities and labours with respects to the procedure of common acquisition for the Member States.The theoretical deductions of the opportunities and restrictions of Mutual LearningWith the de tho of the OMC in to the EU, Mutual acquisiti on as a construct has attained wholly new intending. From this position it is non merely larning between national authoritiess that counts ( horizontal acquisition ) , but besides there is turning characteristics of perpendicular coordination at EU administration degree, and horizontal and perpendicular acquisition from below ( permeate-up ) .When observed from the national degrees, the choke of the policy larning procedures under the EES, opportunities and restrictions of their execution muckle be viewed from diametrical theoretical headspring of views. One whitethorn remove down at the macro-theoretical degree deducing and clarifying policy transportations. For illustration, new institutionalism argues that way dependences limit larning disassociateicularly in the visible radiation of the assortment of institutional models and universal assistance governments in Europe ( intend 200318 ) .One may besides get down with the principal-agent and two-level game theorie s to learn the complex fundamental interaction between member provinces, the civil nightclub and the EU establishments. Buchs ( 2004 ) has applied this t oneness-beginning in his analysis concludes that the function of province in this great game is that of an intermediary between the EU degree and civil society and that larning procedures tooshie be understood by detecting this interaction ( 20044 ) . The impression of patriotism can besides be used to assist depict the reluctance of certain member provinces to take plane section in the policy acquisition procedures and the transportation of policies. from this position national pride, reluctance to reassign sovereignty, and the self-pride of the province are of import, histrions dickering both over benchmarking marks, public manifestation measuring, and benchmarking consequences ( Zangle,200410 ) .However, in this paper the opportunities and restrictions of the common acquisition procedures will be hypercritically analyse d within the horizon of the built-in tenseness between the evidence- ground policy doing and rehabilitative incredulity attacks. There is no uncertainty that the vision articulated by the interior decorators of the OMC and the EES consist of both the practical, statistical, direct rationality to hasten learning procedures and their national results, qualitative and quantitative indexs to be used in benchmarking and grander end of accomplishing convergence. Conversely, regard for the national diversenesss, acknowledgment of diversenesss, put up of affairss, demands and, the involvements of the Member States are besides incorporated in this new appearance of administration. Both opportunities and restrictions are rooted in this twofold and sometimes even hostile nonsubjective and procedure.Evidence-based policy devising The evidence-based policy doing attack is located within the reasoning(prenominal)ist school of judgment which assumes that policy determinations are made b etween another segmentation of action on the footing of what plant in a antithetic topographic point, and in a practical manner. Hence, instead than anchoring policy determinations on political orientation, they are grounded on the empirical grounds imperturbable elsewhere ( Sanderson 2002 ) . so it seems to be rational common sense to see policy as a purposive class of action in chase of aims built upon careful appraisal of alternate ways of accomplishing such aims and effectual execution of the selected class of action ( Sanderson, 20025 ) .Consequently, this point of position argues that there are two cardinal types of grounds that are required to better effectual authorities action. First and first, grounds is required which confirms the operational capacitor of the different authorities bureaucratic machine in the policy are under optimum public presentation. Second, grounds is required which to advance betterment through more efficient methods and schemes. Whereas in th e former grounds is fundamentally required in the signifier of information on different constituents and marks of public presentation ( Sanderson 20023 ) . In the later, there is a qualitative difference in that grounds is basically required in the signifier comprehension about how good special(prenominal) policies and patterns work elsewhere, and how the policy intercessions reform societal systems ( ibidem )OpportunitiesThe evidence-oriented policy doing attack contends that there are four major ways grounds can illuminate the development and execution of policy. First, determinations about what policy actions to follow in a given policy national can be learned by grounds of the likely effectivity of that policy penchants. Second, grounds collected from antecedently utilise policies maps as a foundation for the prospective deliberations of policy penchants and possibilities. Third, grounds besides plays an of import function in placing non on the most of import jobs in that policy field but besides those jobs that should be accorded the highest precedence in policy intercession. And, eventually, improved scholarship about policy jobs and possible policy penchants can assist to affect the interested stakeholders in a healthy argument about how to specify aims ( Sanderson 20024 ) . This attack therefore depends on the grounds ( normally quantitative ) that both in guess and pattern determines effectual policy penchants.This positivist attack submits that opportunism ( in this instance attributable to provinces as entities ) and rational behavior might supply solution to public policy jobs. As a consequence, this attack leads to the hypothesis that what works in one province should besides work in other, since there are monolithic statistical and scientific grounds in the field where policymakers can pull valuable lessons from ( pile 200551 ) .The old geezer drift for looking at old carry outd policies and institutional agreements and larning by s uperintend and rating is because larning is a agency to cut down mistakes ( Radaelli 20046 ) . Learning from the experience of others can be more efficient than larning from one s ain experience, since it minimizes the hazard of failures. Therefore, histrions are able and willing to use larning within organisational webs under the OMC, as they believe in the possibility of happening a solution for their several(prenominal) jobs within this web, utilizing it as radio detection and ranging ( ibid.7 ) .In add-on, benchmarking entails the comparative measuring of public presentation of one organisation against other organisations, within a countersinkd mark ( Heritier 20025 ) . From this position, it suggests comparing member provinces against each other within the employment guidelines and indexs. This procedure, so, can be said to be the learning procedure in pattern, since it entails looking for the best patterns in order to extinguish the chance of public presentation spreads o n eventual acceptance of the policy penchant. Benchmarking can be defined as a practical tool for bettering public presentation by larning from best patterns and the procedures by which they are achieved ( OReagain and Keegan in Schludi 2003 ) . Furthermore, different strand of faculty members define a benchmark in a instead mechanical and rational manner, declaring it to be a criterion or point of mention against which things may be compared or assessed ( ibid 2003 ) . Hence, from this position, benchmarking denotes the comparative rating of public presentation and the obliteration of predominating public presentation spreads, based on qualitative standards.RestrictionsHarmonizing to Graham ( 19995. ) , there are sevener Nemesiss to evidence-based policy viz. bureaucratic logic, the bottom line, consensus, political relations, civil service civilization, cynicism and clip. First, bureaucratic logic entails that misread of the current state of affairs and gathered grounds is a impeding factor to any policy development. From this point of position, bureaucratic logic is phrased as things are right because they have ever been done this manner ( ibid. ) and there is no ground to alter it, even if the prevalent manner of policy-making is epistemologically flawed. The bottom line refers to the thought that the effectivity of policies can non be measured by quantitative and qualitative confirmations unaccompanied because in pattern, policy is built on consensus instead than on beyond doubt grounds. Policy in pattern involves an extended procedure of audience carried out to find different involvement and penchants of all concerned histrions, and the bounds of a solution that will fulfill every one of these histrions.A outstanding restraint in the designation of best pattern is that it does non basically place the suited scheme by which it can be applied to different institutional scene. Even if granted that policy larning consequences to reform, the precise policy transportation might be unsuccessful. Indeed, Dolowitz and Marsh ( 2000 ) , claim that there are some noteworthy factors that cause policy transportation to diverge from the marks set by policy-makers doing the transportation. For illustration, the failure of the importing province to retroflex the transferred policy in conformity with the marks set by policy-makers of the exporting province can be as a consequence of uneducated transportation, particularly if there is non partake information about the policy and how it should operates in another institutional scene. Finally, Dolowitz and Marsh talk about unsuitable policy transportation if adequate tending is non paid to the different economic, societal, political and institutional background in the importing member province.Constructive mental rejection For the constructivist agnosticism attack, given that cognition of the societal universe is non merely socially constructed and culturally every sec good as his torically dependent cognition and acquisition, and their functions in policy-making are complex issues. Harmonizing to this point of position, policy acquisition and development is understood as a procedure of deliberation which considers beliefs, rules and actions under conditions of fivefold frames for the account and rating of the societal universe ( Dryzek,16 ) .The rating of the common acquisition procedures can non merely be reduced to a respectable exercising since like all the other facet of the policy-making it is well-read by different penchants, norms, values, and alone institutional backgrounds. Consequently, the rating of any procedures or experience should be based on a communicative and argumentative procedure ( Sanderson 2003338 ) . As Schwandt contends, there is a demand for critical intelligence which is fundamentally the ability to inquiry whether the terminal is deserving accomplishing. It does non name for merely basic cognition of effects, but the wi llingness and capacity to debate the value of different terminals of a pattern ( Schwandt in Sanderson 2003338 ) . Given that the fluctuations in national fortunes are high, it can be reasoned that non merely what counts is what works , but what is appropriate is besides of import for each specific national circumstance. In short, the consideration of the rightness of the agencies and terminals of a policy procedure is of extreme importance ( ibid 332 ) .OpportunitiesHarmonizing to this position, dependance practical grounds to pull direct policy determination can non be absolute. It is recognized that cognition comes in different signifiers ( Campbell 200289 ) , and as such, it is non merely the experts who should play a function in decision-making but besides non experts, since no cognition is a waste. In short, when policy shapers are on the quest to larn lessons their ain state s yesteryear is the best topographic point to get down ( Dolowitz and Marsh 1996351 ) .By loo king back into the historic yesteryear, actors learn non merely what has worked, but can besides larn and cognize what non to reiterate . Therefore, cross-national and bottom-up benchmarking has a inclination to uncover the flaws indispensable in national policies, circumvent uneffective policies, avoid dearly-won policy bloopers, and challenge those patterns that have seized to be effectual, which in the terminal, increases the legitimacy of policy penchants and policy tools used.The increasing diffusion of thoughts and information is an obvious chance for national policy-makers. It does non needfully imply statistical and scientific confirmations for policy-making, but it can take to the imitation of utile thoughts and determinations at the national degree. It besides entails the airing of corporate linguistic communication, i.e. peculiar look which has specific intending both for the EU development in societal policy and its Member States like quick of scent.Even though academi c research on the common policy larning instruments gestate benchmarking, in a instead proficient manner, we argue in this paper that it besides has cognitive and normative values, which can be seen as a chances and possibilities provided by this sort of policy larning to fight for the convergence in end products. Benchmarking may help in developing and justifying policy responses that are improbable to be discovered within a member province s prevalent institutional scenes. As a consequence, it may work as an instrument to loosen up the frequently solid way dependence of predominating public assistance province constructions ( Heinze et al. in Schludi 200313 ) .Given the high completion of national public assistance traditions diversenesss, benchmarking in societal policy at the EU degree should be able to acknowledge these diversenesss and admit its auxiliary value, i.e. it provides the footing for the exchange of best patterns and experience without the demand to en gouge a top-down solution.RestrictionsThe danger and restriction to the acquisition might besides come from a state of affairs, when engagement is neglected and the nucleus of the OMC is formed merely by politicians and experts, therefore, alternatively of opening-up the procedure, it becomes even more technocratic. minus lesson-drawing is besides of extreme importance. If common acquisition between member provinces becomes excessively concerted to the extent that fitted attending is no longer paid to negative lessons or policy failures, it may be wise to pretermit of import alternate solutions and take a more independent critical expression at benchmarking. Put otherwise, larning is abetted by mistake inasmuch as by success ( Radaelli 200426 ) . Therefore, the challenge is to happen a right balance between the co-op and competitory acquisition ( ibid. ) , and by so making, authoritiess may utilize their critical intelligence and withdraw from policy reforms because of what they have learnt ( Schludi 200314 ) .The EES and common acquisitionHaving provided an extended analysis of the theoretical deductions of common acquisition, the paper will now turn to the European Employment Strategy to analyze how the tenseness between the claims of divergence and convergence are treated in the OMC and how it influences the Member States cooperation in the EES model.The chief intent of the EES was to set up a legal footing of Community-level action in the employment policy country ( while taking national diverseness in this policy country into history ) , with the specific aim to increase the efficiency of the European Social Model through occupation creative bodily function and high employment rate. Besides, the EES was built in such a manner that it should work as a accelerator of the best performing national employment policies.4.1 Contradiction between divergence and convergence bear upon on Member StatesWith respects to the European Council s decisions the co-ord inated employment policy was built on the following. To get down with, the Commission introduces general designs of the finest employment scheme for Member States to follow. Then, after a deliberation with administrative officials from the Member States employment guidelines are established. Additionally, quantitative and quantitative indexs are established to be used in benchmarking. The guidelines in concurrence with the established indexs are what organize the footing of national action programs ( NAPs ) ( Trubek and Mosher 2002 ) , which are so formulated by single Member States. Each Member State has to supply a reckon history of how it plans to implement the guidelines. Furthermore, the results of the prevalent national employment policy and best patterns that might function as possible theoretical accounts for other Member States are included ( Zandstra 200410 ) . Once the NAPs have been submitted, the charge so prepares so called Employment Package which contains the anal ysis of the NAPs, specific and general Council recommendations to single member provinces. It is the Council who has the think say on the concluding version of the Employment Package ( ibid. ) .Through the usage of equal reappraisal and exchange of good patterns, every member province is straight challenged with the programs and patterns of other member provinces. This so helps to secure the criterions by which to mensurate its ain public presentation ( Trubek and Mosher 200377 ) , at the same clip, it besides exerts outcome per unit area on each member province to endeavor for better results. hardly the article of faith behind the recommendations issued by the Council and their aim are progressively being greeted with double feelings from Member States. Groenendijk ( 2004 ) contends that the principle behind the recommendations is nil more than appellative and dishonoring , and that the OMC as a soft power policy-making instrument is at times referred to as a ordinance by em barrassment . Nevertheless, through the recommendations the Member States are besides informed about the built-in defects of their employment policies, and they are in a alone state of affairs to larn new ways of making things or copy new thoughts harmonizing to what they have been recommended. The collapse of action still lies with Member States nevertheless, the shadow of force per unit area goes on.In the visible radiation of the foregoing, one of the most hard undertakings facing the EES is to happen the relative balance between the force per unit area to exercise on Member States to accomplish the formulated guidelines and still to esteem their diverse national policy agreements ( de la Porte 200241 ) . The indexs and guidelines are established in such a manner that a periodic comparative rating of member provinces against each other is carried out. The benchmarking procedure so is grounded on the chosen indexs. In the model of OMC, it is the agencies to measure the succes s of the application of the method, and to set force per unit area on take parting Member State to meet towards jointly defined aims ( ibid.42 ) . Therefore, the defined standards with respects to different policy constituents, ends and impacts, can be prompted both from the top-down and from the bottom-up attack. Anyways, there is a significant force per unit area for each Member State to achieve these benchmarks.Many surveies conducted in this country have identified a figure of jobs with respects to the execution of the EES ( see Goetschy 2002 Watt 2004 ) . Among other grounds, the expected impacts of common acquisition might non be attained if a figure of stakeholders who are supposed to take part are non take parting. Furthermore, the extended comparative rating of the Member States public presentation originates from the top-down attack, since they are carried out by the European committee and the Council. Yet, it has been argued that the provinces will conform merely to th ose corporate ends and recommendations that are of national importance, irrespective of the sum of force per unit area ( de la Porte 200243 ) . It is dubious whether there will be common acquisition except the mechanisms integrated in the scheme are implemented and implemented in an effectual manner.Reasoning commentsThis paper adopted two theoretical attacks viz. , evidence-based policy doing and constructive agnosticism so as to expose the theoretical deductions sing the chances and restrictions that confronts the EU Member States take parting in the common acquisition. With respects to the execution of the EES, serious attending is paid both to qualitative and quantitative dimensions of common acquisition. This is exemplified in the statements of both the evidence-based policy doing and its constructive agnosticism opposite number. From this position, it is the analysis of these theoretical positions that help the geographical expedition of the tenseness portion of the EES and its impact on the policy acquisition processes. Indeed, the necessity to obtain proficient cognition about best patterns elsewhere has to be combined with the application of a critical cognition , rating of the rightness, and reading of the qualitative and quantitative confirmations that relates to the specific national institutional contexts. In add-on, this procedure, as visualised in the design of this policy attack, should be both top-down and bottom-up . This so put the capacity of different histrions to prosecute in the acquisition processes into serious uncertainties. The deduction is that member provinces, while voluntarily take parting in common acquisition, are supposed to be on changeless hunt for the best patterns , to copy or emulate these best patterns in order to better their ain national employment policies. However, there is an component of force per unit area nowadays in the signifier of informal countenances and the equal force per unit area with the pu rpose to endeavor for the convergence towards the EU ends in this policy country. Therefore, the force per unit area, different agreements of common acquisition, and rational, normative or practical elements they involve, can supply both chances and restrictions for Member States, since their national institutional context, degrees of development, and structural aspects are clearly different. This would besides propose that what is seen as a restriction for one Member State, might be a opportunity for another.